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Clinical Psychology and the Philosophy of Science, by William O'Donohue
PDF Ebook Clinical Psychology and the Philosophy of Science, by William O'Donohue
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The motivation for this volume is simple. For a variety of reasons, clinical psychologists have long shown considerable interest in the philosophy of science. When logical positivism gained currency in the 1930s, psychologists were among the most avid readers of what these philosophers had to say about science. Part of the critique of Skinner’s radical behaviorism and thus behavior therapy was that it relied on, and thus was logically dependent on, the truth of logical positivism—a claim decisively refuted both historically and logically by L.D. Smith (1986) in his important Behaviorism and Logical Positivism: A Reassessment of the Alliance.
- Sales Rank: #2666479 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-05-13
- Released on: 2013-05-13
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
From the reviews:
"William O’Donohue, accordingly, deserves our praise in making a serious effort to cross disciplines―but especially disciplines as messy as psychology and philosophy...For O’Donohue, there are insights to be gained from each of the writers that he considers, as well as from postmodernism, and there is currently no consensus among philosophers on what might replace logical positivism. He concludes, accordingly, that one must be open to a “pluralism of perspectives” (p. 3). This conclusion is safe if it means that we need to assess the criticisms of the prevailing approaches and seek to frame them into a coherent philosophy of science. Given that psychology is a mansion with many rooms, O’Donohue avers that it may not be possible to construct a coherent philosophy of science that illuminates psychology. But some, at least, of the insights―even of postmodernism, fundamentally a philosophy of antiscience―are present in writers in very strong philosophy of science traditions."
Peter T. Manus
October 9, 2013, Vol. 58, Release 41, Article 5
PsycCRITIQUES
From the Back Cover
Is psychology really a science? If it is not a science as physics or chemistry is, can it be a science of another kind? Does the discipline play by valid scientific rules? Can we prove this? These questions have been debated for over a century, and clear-cut answers have yet to find consensus.
Proposing provocative new directions in critical thinking, Clinical Psychology and the Philosophy of Science asks readers to revisit what they know--and especially how they came to know it. Offering a concise guide to the central concepts philosophy uses to make sense of science, this readable treatise persuades philosophers of science to look critically at the foundational problems of psychology, and clinicians to re-examine the theories and assumptions that fuel their approaches to their work. The author makes a robust case for multiple viewpoints as not only a necessity, but also a source of strength befitting living schools of thought. The book argues that the ongoing tensions between psychology and philosophy benefit both sides as it:
- Identifies the major methods of philosophical inquiry.
- Sets out key questions in the philosophy of science of relevance to psychology.
- Explains the contemporary role of epistemology.
- Analyzes the impact on psychological inquiry of Popper, Kuhn, and their critics.
- Dissects Skinner's behavioral theory of science.
- Considers philosophical problems in the APA's code of ethics.
For professionals in both disciplines, Clinical Psychology and the Philosophy of Science is an elegant vehicle for their intimately related fields to meet each other halfway, and a springboard for the continued evolution of both.
About the Author
William O'Donohue earned a Bachelor's degree in psychology at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He went on to study clinical psychology at SUNY at Stony Brook earning a Master's degree in 1982 and a Ph.D. in 1986. He then earned a Master's degree in philosophy in 1988 from Indiana University Bloomington. He was an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Maine, Orono from 1987 to 1991. In Harrington v. Almy the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit found that a penile plethysmograph test ordered to be administered by O'Donohue as a precondition of employment was a violation of a Maine police officer's rights under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In 1996, he was appointed Director of Sexual Assault Prevention and Counseling Services at University of Nevada, Reno. O'Donohue founded CareIntegra with colleagues in 1999 and serves as CEO. O'Donohue has been critical of the use of forensic evaluations administered to litigants in child custody disputes. He told the New York Times, "Psychologists don't have the knowledge to do what they attempt to do when they do custody evaluations," adding that custody decisions are more about competing values than scientific findings when determining a child's best interest.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A noble attempt, but retains fundamental misunderstandings...
By Zetetic
This is a fairly well written survey/intro textbook for psychologists and psych grad students who lack a basic background in philosophy of science (most do and seem to throw around terms like logical positivism, empiricism, and operationalism a little too loosely). O'Donohue does a decent job of laying down the fundamentals in an easy-to-understand way and provides some creative examples (and on-target historical exemplars) that bring the philosophical concepts to life. I admire O'Donohue's attempt to educate himself and his readers beyond the horrific psych textbook treatments of basic philosophical concepts and adherence to outdated ways of thinking about scientific research (for example, pretending as if naive falsificationism is the keystone of science [it isn't] and acting as if strict operational definitions form the crux of the nomological net [they don't]).
On the other hand, O'Donohue appears to perpetuate a number of oversimplifications. For example, he defines the term "empirical" incorrectly in several places (toward the beginning of the book as synonymous with reality correspondence... huh??) and then later in the positivism chapter as interchangeable with observable (again incorrect). It is important to understand that this term historically has not been a synonym for "publicly observable" or even "scientific" necessarily. British empiricists such as Berkeley, Locke, and Hume defined empirical data as information that is privately obtained through an individual's senses, which is not accessible to public observation, and thus isn't considered conventional scientific data. Mental events can be inferred from public events (e.g., language, physiology, behavior) and treated as constructs, and psychologists can certainly attempt to study mental events through linguistic, physiological, and behavioral proxies, but such events themselves are not technically publicly accessible/observable (unless telepathy or cartoon thought bubbles become the norm).
There are additional errors of this nature throughout the book that, while providing a simplified and easily digestible version of core philosophical terms for psychologists, do so at the price of serious conceptual distortion.
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